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Программирование >> Руководство по sql
Создание и удаление объектов базы данных Объектами базы данных являются индексы, таблицы и курсоры. В следующей таблице сравниваются соответствующие операторы DROP и CREATE. Кроме того, здесь же приводится синтаксис оператора ALTER TABLE. Синтаксис операторов CREATE TABLE приведен в максимально полной форме, синтаксис оператора ALTER TABLE - в несколько сокращенном виде. Sybase SOL Server | Sybase SOL Anywhere | Microsoft SQL Server | Informix | Oracle | CREATE TABLE table | CREATE 1 GLOBAL TEMPO-RARY] TABLE | CREATE TABLE table | CREATE TABLE table | CREATE TABLE table | | table | | | | | | | column datatype | column datatype | | column datatype | column datatype | column datatype | [DEFAULT | [NOT NULL] [DEFAULT | | [NULL NOT NULL IDEN-TITY [(seed, incre- | [DEFAULT | | [DEFAULT (expr)] | {expr 1 user NULL)] | {string 1 number | | ment) ]] | (literal 1 NULL CURRENT | | [IDENTITY 1 NULL NOT | AUTOINCREMENT CUR- | | | | [DATETIME] | USER 1 TODAY | | NULL] | RENT DATE 1 CURRENT | | | | 1 SITENAME | OBSERVER)] | CONSTRAINT constraint] | | TIME 1 CURRENT TIHESTAMP | [CONSTRAINT constraint] | (NOT NULL] | | [[NOT] NULL] | | | 1 NULL 1 USERR) ] | | {DEFAULT | | | {({ UNIQUE i PRIMARY KEY) | [CONSTRAINT constraint] | | | | {expr 1 user NULL) | | | [USING INDEX | | | | | (FOR column] | | | [PCTFREE int] | {{UNIQUE 1 PRIMARY KEY) | {UNIQUE | | | | | | [INITRANS int] | [CLUSTERED 1 NONCLUS-TERED] | | PRIHERY KEY | | | 1 PRIMERY KEY | {UNIQUE 1 PRIMARY KEY | [MAXTRANS int] | [KIHT {FILLFACTOR | | | | [CLUSTERED 1 NONCLUS-TERED] (column) | 1 REFERENCES table [(col- | [TABLESPACE tablespace] | MAX ROWS PER PAGE}= | | | | [ON segment) | umn)] | | [STORAGE storage)и | | | | | | | 1 CHECK (condition)) | 1 REFERENCES table [(col- | [ON segment) | | REFERENCES table [(col- | | [FOREIGN KEY (column)] | [CONSTRAINT constraint] | umn) ] | 1 REFERENCES table ((col- | umn) ] | | REFERENCES table [(column)] | )... | | [ON DELETE CASCADE] | umn)) | [ON {UPDATE 1 DELETE | | | CHECK | | | 1 CHECK (condition)]) | | {CASCADE 1 SET NULL | | | NOT FOR REPLICATION] | | | [EXCEPTIONS INTO table] | | DEFAULT 1 RESTRICT)] | | | expr)) | | | [DISABLE] | 1 CHECK (condition)) ]... | | CHECK (condition)) ... | | | | | | ]... | [,next column definition | | | | | | [,next column definition | | [next constraint definition | [,next coluiim definition | | ,next column definition | [next constraint definitio | [,next column definition | ]...]... | [next constraint definition]...)... | [ next constraint definition ]...]... | П]...]... | | [next constraint definition]...]... | [CONSTRAINT constraint) | {UNIQUE (column [, col- | PRIMARY KEY | [UNIQUE (column [, column | [CONSTRAINT consrtaint] | {{UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY) | umn]...) | | [CLUSTERED NONCLUS-TERED J (column [, | l-..) | | [ [NOT] NULL] | [CLUSTERED NONCLUS-TERED] | | PRIMARY KEY (column [, | column]...) | 1 PRIMARY KEY (column [, | {({ UNIQUE 1 PRIMARY KEY) | (column [, column]...) | column]...) | | | ON segment) | column]...) | | [USING INDEX | [WIHT {FILLFACTOR | | , CHECK (condition) | | | UNIQUE [CLUSTERED | 1 FOREIGN KEY (column | [PCTFREE int] | MAX ROWS PER PAGE)= | | [NOT NULL) | | | NONCLUSTERED] (column [, | [, column]. | .) REFERENCES | [INITRANS int) | | FOREIGN KEY [roleJ [(col- | column]...) [ON segment) | table (column [, | (MAXTRANS int] |
Sybase SOL Server | Sybase SOL Anywhere | Microsoft SOL Server | Informix | Oracle | | (ON segment] | umn (, column]...)] REFER- | | [FOREIGN KEY (column , column]...)] | column]...) | [TABLESPACE tablespace] | I FOREIGN KEY (соХшпп | ENCES table [(column [, col- | REFERENCES | | CHECK (condition)) | | STORAGE storage]]] | | , column]...) REFERENCES | umn]...)] {0N {UPDATE 1 | table [column , column]...] | [CONSTRAINT constraint] | | FOREIGN KEY (column [, | table 1(со1ш1т (, col- | DELETE] {CASCADE SET | | CHECK | | | column]) REFERENCES table | umn]...)] | NULL 1 SET DEFAULT | | NOT FOR REPLICATION] | | | | (column [, column]) | | CHECK (condition)) | RESTRICT) ] | (expr)) | | | [ON DELETE CASCADE] | | ]... | | CHECK ON COMMIT])] ... | | | | | [CHECK (condition))) [EXCEPTIONS INTO table] | | | | IN dbspace] | | ON segment) | | | | DISABLE] | | (WITH | | ON COMMIT DELETE | | | | storage option] | | | m ROWS PER PAGE =X] | ROWS 1 ON COMMIT PRE- | | | | | | CLUSTER cluster (column [, | | ON segment] | SERVE ROWS] | | | | | column]...)] | | | | | | | | | [INITRANS int] | ALTER TABLE table | ALTER TABLE table | ALTER TABLE table | ALTER TABLE {table syn- | ALTER TABLE table | | | | | | WITH NOCHECK] | onym) | | | {ADD column datatype | {ADD column definition | (ADD column definition | {ADD column definition | {[ADD ({column element | | DEFAULT default | | column constraint ]... | | column constraint]... | [column constraint]... | table constraint) | | definition] | | ADD table-constraint | | , next column definition | | , next column definition | | , { column element 1 | | identity NULL] | | MODIFY column definition | | column constraint]...]... | | column constraint]...]... | table constraint)]...)] | | column constraint ]... | | NODIFY column DEFAULT | | ADD table constraint | | DROP column [, col- | | MODIFY (column element [, | | , next column definition | default value | | , table constraint]... | umn]... | column element]...)] | | column constraint ]...]... | | MODIFY column [NOT] | | DROP CONSTRAINT | | HODIFY column | | DROP drop]... | | ADD table constraint | NULL | constraint [, constraint (...) | {datatype [NOT NULL] | [PCTFREE int] | | DROP CONSTRAINT con- | | MODIFY column CHECK | | | | DEFAULT de- | (PCTUSED int] | straint | | condition) | | | fault definition | | INITRANS int] | | REPLACE column DEFAULT | | DELETE column | | | | CONSTRAIN | [MAXTRANS int] | new default definition | | DELETE CHECK | | | constraint definition) | [STORAGE storage] | | PARTITION) | | DELETE UNIQUE (column [, | | | | ADD CONSTRAINT | ALLOCATE EXTENT [([SIZE | | | column]...) | | | constraint definition | int [KM]] | | | | DELETE PRIMARY KEY | | | | CONSTRAINT constraint] | | DATAFILE file] | | | | DELETE FOREIGN KEY role | | | | DROP CONSTRAINT | | INSTANCE int] | | | | RENAME table | | | constraint) | | ENABLE enable | | | | RENAME column TO column) | | | | | | DISABLE disable] | | | | | | | | | [NOCACHE 1 CACHE] | | | | | | | | | [PARALLEL PARALLEL | | | | | | | | | | DEGREE n] [INSTANCES n]] | DROP TABLE table [, ta- | DROP TABLE table | DROP TABLE table [, table]... | DROP TABLE {table syno- | DROP TABLE table | ble]... | | | | | nym) | [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS] | CREATE [UNIQUE] | CREATE [UNIQUE] | CREATE [UNIQUE] | CREATE [ UNIQUE DIS- | CREATE [ UNIQUE ] | | CLUSTERED | | | | CLUSTERED | TINCT) | INDEX index | | NONCLOSTERED] | | | | NONCLUSTERED] | [CLUSTER] | | | INDEX index | INDEX index | INDEX index | INDEX index | | |
Sybase SQL Server | Sybase SQL Anywhere | Microsoft SQL Server | Informix | Oracle | ON table (column [, column]...) [WITH {DEFAULT FILLFACTOR PERCENT 1 MAX ROWS PER PAGE)=x, IGNORE DUP KEY, SORTED DATA, [IGNORE DUP ROW 1 ALLOW DUP ROW) [ON segment] 1 | ON table (column [ASC 1 DESC] [, column [ASC 1 DESC]]...) [IN dbspace] | ON table (column [, column]...) [WITH FILLFACTOR -X, IGNORE DUP KEY, {SORTED DATA SORTED DATA REORG), {IGNORE DUP ROW 1 ALLOW DUP ROW) (ON segment] I | ON { table 1 synonym) (column [ASC 1 DESC] 1, column [ASC 1 DESC))...) | ON table (column [ASC 1 DESC] [, column [ASC 1 DESC]]...) [CLUSTER cluster) INITRANS int] [MAXTRANS int] [PCTFREE int] [STORAGE storage] [TABLESPACE tablespace] [NOSORTl [NOPARALLEL PARALLEL [DEGREE n] [INSTANCES n]] [UNRECOVERABLE RECOVERABLE] | DROP INDEX index [, index]... | DROP INDEX index | DROP INDEX index 1, index)... | DROP INDEX index | DROP INDEX index | CREATE VIEW view [(column [, column]...)] AS select subset [WITH CHECK OPTION] | CREATE VIEW view [(column [, column]...)] AS select subset [WITH CHECK OPTION] | CREATE VIEW view [(column [, column]...)] [WITH ENCRYPTION] AS select subset [WITH CHECK OPTION] | CREATE VIEW view [(column [, column]...)] AS select subset [WITH CHECK OPTION] | CREATE [OR REPLACE] [FORCE 1 NOFORCE] VIEW view [(column [, column]...)] AS select subset [WITH CHECK OPTION [CONSTRAINT constraint]] | DROP VIEW view [, view]... | DROP VIEW view | DROP VIEW view 1, view]... | DROP VIEW view | DROP VIEW view |
МАНИПУЛЯЦИИ с ДАННЫМИ Для манипуляций с данными используются команды SELECT, INSERT и UPDATE. Sybase SQL Server | Sybase SQL Anywhere | Microsoft SQL Server | Informix | Oracle | SELECT [ALL 1 DISTINCT] | SELECT [ALL DISTINCT) | SELECT [ALL DISTINCT] | SELECT [ALL 1 DISTINCT | SELECT [ALL DISTINCT) | select list | select list | select list | UNIQUE] select list | select list | [INTO new table] | [INTO variable list] | [INTO new table] | [INTO variable list] | [INTO variable list] | FROM [table [alias] | FROM [table [alias] | FROM table [alias] | FROM {table 1 synonym) [ [AS] | FROM [table [alias]) | [(INDEX index [PREFETCH | | [, table (alias) | (({INDEX = {name id) | alias] | [, table [alias]]... | size] [LRU 1 MRU])] | | {CROSS JOIN | | NOLOCK 1 HOLDLOCK | [, [OUTER) {table 1 synonym) | | [HOLDLOCK 1 NOHOLD- | | [NATURAL 1 KEY] JOIN | | UPDLOCK 1 TABLOCK | [[AS] alias]...] | | LOCK] [SHARED) | | [NATURAL KEY] INNER | | PAGLOCK 1 TABLOCKX | | | (.table faliasj | LOIS | | FASTFIRSTROW}...)] | | |
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